Moreover, we hope that this article will help to ease readers' concerns that they lack the quantitative training or ability to conduct such analyses, because we present the reader with the means to analyze such data. We hope that the provision of these analytical methods will encourage researchers to conduct quantitative discounting analyses in an effort to add further breadth to this growing literature.
![excel 2011 mac tutorial excel 2011 mac tutorial](https://i2.wp.com/serialkeygeneratorfree.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/office_review_6-compressed.jpg)
The procedures we detail in this article supplement those provided by Dallery and Soto in a recent workshop at the Association for Behavior Analysis International (2010). The purpose of this paper is to provide a rudimentary review of how these calculations are performed, and to provide a task analysis to aid the reader in creating an Excel-based calculator for use in analyzing discounting data. The point at which an individual switches from choosing the LLR to the SSR is commonly termed the indifference point.
#EXCEL 2011 MAC TUTORIAL SERIES#
Typically, hypothetical monetary choice paradigms feature a titrating series of choices between smaller sooner rewards (SSRs) and a larger later reward (LLR). Collecting Discounting Data The commonly used procedure for studying discounting is the administration of a series of hypothetical monetary choice trials (see ). This behavioral interpretation of impulsivity has led to numerous advances in clinical issues such as increasing tolerance to reinforcement delay in individuals with acquired brain injury or autism ( ), as well as in the general assessment of impulsivity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD ), serious emotional disturbance (e.g., ), and severe problem behaviors (e.g., ). For instance, behavior analysts have come to define a form of impulsivity as preference for a smaller sooner reward, despite a larger delayed alternative being available (see ). Specifically, this operationalization of decision making is translated easily to issues concerning impulsivity and self-control. Analyses of delay discounting (the process by which delayed rewards have lower subjective values than sooner rewards of the same magnitude) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to allow researchers to investigate the temporal properties of reward for socially important problems (see ).